Hiv, Aids, And Autoimmune Diseases - 2108 Words

HIV, AIDS Autoimmune Diseases: What Anesthesia Providers Need to Know. History of HIV In 1981 clinicians in New York, San Francisco and Los Angeles recognized an immunodeficiency syndrome in homosexual men. By the end of that year, there had been several hundred cases reported and the disease was also occurring in intravenous drug users, blood transfusion recipients at the time, babies born to infected mothers and high risk heterosexuals, and so the name was changed to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Within 3 years the causative virus was identified. It was initially known by various names such as Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV –III), Lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV), Aids associated retro virus (ARV). In 1986 the name Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) became internationally accepted. There are two kinds of HIV viruses: HIV-1 (US, Europe and Central Africa) and HIV-2 (West Africa). Both types have same mode of transmission and are diagnosed using same tests. The main difference is that HIV-2 has a slower disease course. Incidence Demographics of HIV The CDC estimates 1,218,400 people aged 13 and over are living with HIV in the United States. Of this population, 156,300 (12.8%) are not aware of their infection. Over the past decade, the number of people living with HIV has increased, meanwhile the annual number of new HIV infections has remained relatively stable. The pace of new infections continues to be far too high —particularlyShow MoreRelatedThe Lymphatic And Immune System859 Words   |  4 Pagesthymus gland, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels. White blood cells (leukocytes), red blood cells (erythrocytes), plasma, and platelets (thrombocytes) make up the blood. Lymphocytes are leukocytes (white blood cells) that help the body fight off diseases. Two types of lymphocytes are B cells and T cells. Lymphocytes recognize antigens, or foreign substances/matter, in the body. Lymphocytes are a classification of agranulocytes, or cells (-cytes) without (a-) granules (granul/o) in the cytoplasm.Read MoreOutline Of The Worku p Of Cervical Lymphadenopathy1258 Words   |  6 Pagesis essential to formulate a differential diagnosis. Cervical lymphadenopathy is not uncommon, especially in children and therefore differential diagnoses are broad (Lang, Kansy, 2014). The causes of cervical lymphadenopathy can be infections, autoimmune disorders, or malignancy. What test would you do first and why? First and foremost, thing to do when a patient comes with cervical lymphadenopathy is to get a detailed history. The history should include questions such as the onset of lump; painRead MoreAcquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ( Aids )1289 Words   |  6 PagesOther times the immune system fights against itself causing autoimmune diseases that may or may not do irreparable harm. And sometimes, immune deficiency can be acquired. This is the case of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a disease where the immune system depreciates its capability over the course of the illness due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus, the causative agent. Historically, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is thought to have mutated from the Simian ImmunodeficiencyRead MoreThe History of AIDS and HIV690 Words   |  3 Pageswhich 1 and 5 people are infected with the a virus that causes aids. She discuses the microscopic realm of the virus and virus infected cells to AIDS therapies. Dr. Ojiktu treats people with HIV and other infectious diseases. She enjoys linking what is happening here and overseas. She also works on a team to develop programs and do research concerning aids. In 1980 a strange new disease was growing, starting in Los Angeles. This disease presented vague symptoms such as weight loss, lack of energyRead MoreUsing CRISPR / Cas9 Technology To CISRNA Plasmid?992 Words   |  4 Pagesagainst HIV. CRISPR/Cas9 can also target HIV’s latent form. Many times, individuals don’t realize that they have the disease because the virus remains dormant in their cells. CD4+ T cells are infected by HIV and thus CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to edit the genome in the cells. Ebina et al. (2013) utilized CRISPR/Cas9 to target mutated long tandem repeats (LTRs) that HIV utilizes to integrate its DNA into the host’s genome. To do so, the experimenters used human cells infected with artificial HIV usingRead MoreHiv And The Human Immunodeficiency Virus3032 Words   |  13 PagesThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus, also known as HIV, was discovered by Dr. Robert Gallo and Dr. Luc Montagnier. HIV had its first known case in a human in the year 1959. Though, its first known case in the United States was in 1981 when the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, known as the CDC, reported five homosexual men in Los Angeles, California with Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia, a rare form of p neumonia. These findings were published in CDC S Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, orRead MoreQuiz for Chapter 291832 Words   |  8 Pagespermeability and dilation of blood vessels | | | the anti-inflammatory response | | | antibody production | Question 4 | AIDS has become a more manageable illness in developed countries in recent years due to: | | general resistance in the human population. | | | declining disease rates in most areas of the world. | | | vaccines. | | | medications that keep HIV from copying itself. | | | changes in the viral genome. | Question 5 | Why does producing a large clone of activatedRead MoreMovie Reflection On Stigma, Society, And Public Health1764 Words   |  8 PagesOn The HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Film: Movie Reflection on Stigma, Society, and Public Health And the Band Played On is a film about the first few years of the AIDS epidemic in the United States. The film focuses on epidemiologist Dr. Don Francis’ journey, with the Center for Disease Control, to research and explain a disease that was never seen before. After a sudden outbreak of cases, all with the same symptoms, is seen in the gay communities along western California, the Center for Disease ControlRead MoreThe Pharmaceutical And Medicine Manufacturing Industry1791 Words   |  8 PagesWhat would you do if you had to suffer every day from a life threatening illness that was debilitating and incurable? Over nine hundred million people throughout the world die each year because of incurable diseases such as cancer, HIV, and AIDS (What par 1). The number of people that suffer from these varying illnesses is slowly increasing, but the use of pharmaceutical drugs is helping to solve this problem. â€Å"The pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing industry has produced a variety of medicinalRead MoreRacism And Heterosexism Within African American Churches1349 Words   |  6 Pagesmembers became sick from an unknown illness which later became recognized as the autoimmune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has a superfluous effect on the black community. African-Americans accumulate nearly half of most HIV and AIDS diagnoses. The delayed response of black leaders to the epidemic was another factor that incited the highly prevalent rates of HIV and AIDS cases within the African-American community. Along with affected gay men, prostitutes